This causes a slight difference in the concentration of cations and anions between the two fluid compartments. The ionic composition of the interstitial fluid and blood plasma vary due to the Gibbs–Donnan effect. The lymphatic system returns protein and excess interstitial fluid to the circulation. Once the extracellular fluid collects into small vessels ( lymph capillaries) it is considered to be lymph, and the vessels that carry it back to the blood are called the lymphatic vessels. The plasma that filters through the blood capillaries into the interstitial fluid does not contain red blood cells or platelets as they are too large to pass through but can contain some white blood cells to help the immune system. This means that tissue fluid has a different composition in different tissues and in different areas of the body. The composition of interstitial fluid depends upon the exchanges between the cells in the biological tissue and the blood. This solution accounts for 26% of the water in the human body. Interstitial fluid consists of a water solvent containing sugars, salts, fatty acids, amino acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, white blood cells and cell waste-products. Plasma and interstitial fluid are very similar because water, ions, and small solutes are continuously exchanged between them across the walls of capillaries, through pores and capillary clefts. 11 liters of the ECF are interstitial fluid and the remaining three liters are plasma. Interstitial fluid is the body fluid between blood vessels and cells, containing nutrients from capillaries by diffusion and holding waste products discharged by cells due to metabolism. The interstitial fluid and plasma make up about 97% of the ECF, and a small percentage of this is lymph. Interstitial fluid is essentially comparable to plasma. See also: Fluid compartments § Interstitial compartment, and Lymph § Development The volume of extracellular fluid in a young adult male of 70 kg, is 20% of body weight – about fourteen liters. These constituents are often called " fluid compartments". The remaining small percentage of ECF includes the transcellular fluid. The other major component of the ECF is the intravascular fluid of the circulatory system called blood plasma. The main component of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is the interstitial fluid, or tissue fluid, which surrounds the cells in the body. Eleven liters are interstitial fluid and the remaining three liters are plasma. The volume of extracellular fluid in a young adult male of 70 kg (154 lbs) is 20% of body weight – about fourteen liters. The volume of body fluid, blood glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels are also tightly homeostatically maintained. Homeostasis regulates, among others, the pH, sodium, potassium, and calcium concentrations in the ECF. The ECF composition is therefore crucial for their normal functions, and is maintained by a number of homeostatic mechanisms involving negative feedback. The extracellular fluid, in particular the interstitial fluid, constitutes the body's internal environment that bathes all of the cells in the body. The ECF can also be seen as having two components – plasma and lymph as a delivery system, and interstitial fluid for water and solute exchange with the cells. The remaining small portion of the ECF includes the transcellular fluid (about 2.5%). Lymph makes up a small percentage of the interstitial fluid. Plasma and interstitial fluid are the two components that make up at least 97% of the ECF. The main component of the extracellular fluid is the interstitial fluid that surrounds cells.Įxtracellular fluid is the internal environment of all multicellular animals, and in those animals with a blood circulatory system, a proportion of this fluid is blood plasma. Extracellular fluid makes up about one-third of body fluid, the remaining two-thirds is intracellular fluid within cells. Total body water in healthy adults is about 60% (range 45 to 75%) of total body weight women and the obese typically have a lower percentage than lean men. In cell biology, extracellular fluid ( ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells of any multicellular organism. The distribution of the total body water in mammals between the intracellular compartment and the extracellular compartment, which is, in turn, subdivided into interstitial fluid and smaller components, such as the blood plasma, the cerebrospinal fluid and lymph
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